玻璃纤维毡布的特性
1.表(biao)面毡(zhan)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)钢制品通(tong)常(chang)需(xu)要形(xing)成(cheng)富有树脂(zhi)(zhi)层，这(zhei)一般是用(yong)中(zhong)碱玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)表(biao)面毡(zhan)来实现。这(zhei)类毡(zhan)由于(yu)采用(yong)中(zhong)碱玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)（C）制成(cheng)，故赋予玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)钢耐化学性(xing)特别是耐酸性(xing)，同时因为毡(zhan)薄、玻(bo)(bo)(bo)纤(xian)直径较细之故，还可吸收(shou)较多树脂(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)成(cheng)富树脂(zhi)(zhi)层，遮住了玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)纤(xian)维增强材料（如方(fang)格布）的纹(wen)路(lu)，起到表(biao)面修饰作用(yong)。
2.针(zhen)(zhen)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)毡(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)针(zhen)(zhen)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)毡(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)或(huo)分为短(duan)切纤(xian)维(wei)针(zhen)(zhen)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)毡(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和(he)连续(xu)(xu)(xu)原(yuan)(yuan)丝(si)针(zhen)(zhen)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)毡(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。短(duan)切纤(xian)维(wei)针(zhen)(zhen)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)毡(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)将(jiang)玻纤(xian)粗纱短(duan)切成(cheng)(cheng)50mm，随机铺(pu)放(fang)在预先(xian)放(fang)置在传送带上(shang)的(de)底材(cai)上(shang)，然后用(yong)(yong)带倒钩(gou)的(de)针(zhen)(zhen)进(jin)行针(zhen)(zhen)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，针(zhen)(zhen)将(jiang)短(duan)切纤(xian)维(wei)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)进(jin)底材(cai)中，而钩(gou)针(zhen)(zhen)又(you)将(jiang)一些(xie)纤(xian)维(wei)向(xiang)上(shang)带起(qi)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)三维(wei)结构。所用(yong)(yong)底材(cai)可以是(shi)玻璃纤(xian)维(wei)或(huo)其(qi)它纤(xian)维(wei)的(de)稀织物，这(zhei)种(zhong)针(zhen)(zhen)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)毡(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有(you)绒毛感。其(qi)主要用(yong)(yong)途(tu)包括用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)隔热(re)(re)隔声材(cai)料(liao)、衬(chen)热(re)(re)材(cai)料(liao)、过滤材(cai)料(liao)，也可用(yong)(yong)在玻璃钢生(sheng)产中，但所制玻璃钢强度较低，使用(yong)(yong)范(fan)围有(you)限。另一类(lei)连续(xu)(xu)(xu)原(yuan)(yuan)丝(si)针(zhen)(zhen)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)毡(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，是(shi)将(jiang)连续(xu)(xu)(xu)玻璃原(yuan)(yuan)丝(si)用(yong)(yong)抛丝(si)装(zhuang)置随机抛在连续(xu)(xu)(xu)网带上(shang)，经针(zhen)(zhen)板针(zhen)(zhen)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)纤(xian)维(wei)相互勾连的(de)三维(wei)结构的(de)毡(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。这(zhei)种(zhong)毡(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)主要用(yong)(yong)于玻璃纤(xian)维(wei)增强热(re)(re)塑(su)料(liao)可冲压片材(cai)生(sheng)产。
3.缝(feng)合毡(zhan)短切玻(bo)璃纤维(wei)从50mm乃至60cm长(zhang)均可用缝(feng)编(bian)机(ji)将其缝(feng)合成短切纤维(wei)或长(zhang)纤维(wei)毡(zhan)，前(qian)者可在若干(gan)用途方面代替(ti)传统的粘结剂粘结的短切毡(zhan)，后者则在一定程度上代替(ti)连续原丝毡(zhan)。它们的共同优点是不含粘结剂，避免了生产过程的污染，同时浸透(tou)性能好，价格较(jiao)低。
4.短(duan)(duan)切(qie)原(yuan)丝(si)毡(zhan)将玻璃原(yuan)丝(si)（有(you)时也用(yong)无捻(nian)粗(cu)纱）切(qie)割成50mm长，将其随(sui)机但均(jun)匀地(di)铺陈在网带(dai)上，随(sui)后(hou)施以乳液粘(zhan)结剂或(huo)撒布(bu)上粉末结剂经加(jia)热固化(hua)后(hou)粘(zhan)结成短(duan)(duan)切(qie)原(yuan)丝(si)毡(zhan)。短(duan)(duan)切(qie)毡(zhan)主要用(yong)于(yu)手糊、连续制板(ban)和对(dui)模模压和SMC工艺中(zhong)。对(dui)短(duan)(duan)切(qie)原(yuan)丝(si)毡(zhan)的质(zhi)量要求如下(xia)：①沿宽度方(fang)向面(mian)积质(zhi)量均(jun)匀；②短(duan)(duan)切(qie)原(yuan)丝(si)在毡(zhan)面(mian)中(zhong)分(fen)布(bu)均(jun)匀，无大孔眼形(xing)成，粘(zhan)结剂分(fen)布(bu)均(jun)匀；③具有(you)适中(zhong)的干毡(zhan)强度；④优良的树脂浸(jin)润及浸(jin)透性。
5.连(lian)续原(yuan)丝毡将拉丝过程中(zhong)(zhong)形成(cheng)的玻璃(li)原(yuan)丝或(huo)从原(yuan)丝筒中(zhong)(zhong)退解出来的连(lian)续原(yuan)丝呈8字形铺(pu)敷在连(lian)续移动网带上，经粉(fen)末粘(zhan)结剂粘(zhan)合(he)而(er)成(cheng)。连(lian)续玻纤(xian)原(yuan)丝毡中(zhong)(zhong)纤(xian)维是连(lian)续的，故(gu)其(qi)对(dui)复合(he)材料的增强效果较短(duan)切(qie)毡好。主要(yao)用在拉挤法、RTM法、压力袋(dai)法及玻璃(li)毡增强热塑料（GMT）等工(gong)艺中(zhong)(zhong)。
