碳(tan)(tan)纤(xian)维主要是制(zhi)成碳(tan)(tan)纤(xian)维增强塑料(liao)(liao)这种复(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)材料(liao)(liao)来(lai)(lai)应用(yong)碳(tan)(tan)纤(xian)维是一种纤(xian)维状碳(tan)(tan)材料(liao)(liao)。它是一种强度(du)比钢(gang)的大(da)(da)、密度(du)比铝的小、比不锈(xiu)钢(gang)还(hai)耐腐蚀、比耐热钢(gang)还(hai)耐高温、又能像(xiang)铜那样导电，具(ju)有许(xu)多宝贵的电学、热学和力(li)学性能的新型材料(liao)(liao)。用(yong)碳(tan)(tan)纤(xian)维与塑料(liao)(liao)制(zhi)成的复(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)材料(liao)(liao)所做的飞机不但轻巧，而且消(xiao)耗动力(li)少，推力(li)大(da)(da)，噪(zao)音(yin)小；用(yong)碳(tan)(tan)纤(xian)维制(zhi)电子计算(suan)机的磁盘(pan)，能提高计算(suan)机的储存量(liang)(liang)和运算(suan)速度(du)；用(yong)碳(tan)(tan)纤(xian)维增强塑料(liao)(liao)来(lai)(lai)制(zhi)造(zao)卫星和火箭等宇宙飞行器(qi)，机械强度(du)高，质量(liang)(liang)小，可节约大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的燃料(liao)(liao)。
1999年(nian)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)联盟科索沃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)战争中(zhong)，北约使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)墨炸弹(dan)破(po)坏(huai)了南(nan)联盟大(da)(da)(da)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)电(dian)力供应，其(qi)原理就是(shi)(shi)产(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了覆盖大(da)(da)(da)范围地区的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)云，这些导(dao)电(dian)性纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)使(shi)供电(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)统短(duan)路(lu)。 目(mu)前，人们还(hai)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)直接用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)或(huo)(huo)石(shi)(shi)墨来抽成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)些含(han)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)机纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)（如(ru)尼龙丝(si)(si)、腈(jing)(jing)纶(lun)丝(si)(si)、人造丝(si)(si)等(deng)(deng)）做原料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，将(jiang)有(you)机纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)跟塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)树脂结(jie)合(he)(he)(he)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)起，放在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)稀有(you)气(qi)(qi)体的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)气(qi)(qi)氛中(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)定压(ya)强(qiang)(qiang)下(xia)强(qiang)(qiang)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)炭化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)状(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，其(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)学(xue)组成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)含(han)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)量(liang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)90%以上。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)单(dan)质(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)温下(xia)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)熔(rong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)（在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3800K以上升华(hua)），而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)各种溶剂中(zhong)都不(bu)(bu)溶解(jie)(jie)，所(suo)以迄今无法(fa)(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)单(dan)质(zhi)来制(zhi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。 碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)通过高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)有(you)机纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固相碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)或(huo)(huo)低分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)烃类的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)气(qi)(qi)相热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)解(jie)(jie)来制(zhi)取。目(mu)前世界上产(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)销售的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)绝大(da)(da)(da)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)都是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)丙(bing)(bing)烯腈(jing)(jing)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固相碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)得(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。其(qi)产(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)步(bu)骤为(wei)(wei)(wei)A预氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)空气(qi)(qi)中(zhong)加(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)持(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)200-300度数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)十(shi)至数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)百分(fen)(fen)(fen)钟(zhong)(zhong)。预氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)使(shi)聚(ju)丙(bing)(bing)烯腈(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)线型(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)链转化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)为(wei)(wei)(wei)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梯型(xing)(xing)结(jie)构(gou)，以使(shi)其(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)温碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)时不(bu)(bu)熔(rong)不(bu)(bu)燃而(er)(er)保持(chi)(chi)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态。B碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)惰性气(qi)(qi)氛中(zhong)加(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)至1200-1600度，维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)持(chi)(chi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)至数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)十(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)钟(zhong)(zhong)，就可(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)产(chan)品(pin)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)；所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惰性气(qi)(qi)体可(ke)(ke)(ke)以是(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)纯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氮气(qi)(qi)、氩气(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)氦气(qi)(qi)，但(dan)一(yi)般多(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)纯氮气(qi)(qi)。C石(shi)(shi)墨化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)：再在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)惰性气(qi)(qi)氛（一(yi)般为(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)纯氩气(qi)(qi)）加(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)至2000-3000度，维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)持(chi)(chi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)秒至数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)十(shi)秒钟(zhong)(zhong)；这样生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)称(cheng)石(shi)(shi)墨纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。 碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)极好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)度（纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表示法(fa)(fa)之一(yi)是(shi)(shi)9000米长(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)克(ke)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)），一(yi)般仅约为(wei)(wei)(wei)19克(ke)；拉力高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)达(da)300KG/MM2；还(hai)有(you)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)温、耐(nai)(nai)(nai)腐(fu)(fu)蚀、导(dao)电(dian)、传热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)、彭(peng)胀系(xi)(xi)(xi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)小等(deng)(deng)一(yi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列优(you)异性能(neng)(neng)。目(mu)前几(ji)乎没(mei)有(you)其(qi)他(ta)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)像(xiang)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)那(nei)样具有(you)那(nei)么多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)优(you)异性能(neng)(neng)。 目(mu)前，碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主要是(shi)(shi)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)增(zeng)(zeng)强(qiang)(qiang)塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)来应用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。这种增(zeng)(zeng)强(qiang)(qiang)塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)比(bi)钢、玻璃钢更(geng)优(you)越，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途非(fei)常广泛，如(ru)制(zhi)造火(huo)箭(jian)、宇(yu)宙飞(fei)船等(deng)(deng)重要材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)；制(zhi)造喷气(qi)(qi)式发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)动机；制(zhi)造耐(nai)(nai)(nai)腐(fu)(fu)蚀化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)设备等(deng)(deng)。 羽毛球：现(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)羽毛球拍杆由(you)(you)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。【碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei) 】carbon fibre 含(han)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)量(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)90％的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)无机高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei) 。其(qi)中(zhong)含(han)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)量(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)99％的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)称(cheng)石(shi)(shi)墨纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轴向强(qiang)(qiang)度和(he)模(mo)(mo)量(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，无蠕变，耐(nai)(nai)(nai)疲(pi)劳性好，比(bi)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)及导(dao)电(dian)性介于(yu)(yu)(yu)非(fei)金属(shu)和(he)金属(shu)之间(jian)，热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)膨胀系(xi)(xi)(xi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)小，耐(nai)(nai)(nai)腐(fu)(fu)蚀性好，纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)度低，X射线透过性好。但(dan)其(qi)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)冲击性较(jiao)差，容易(yi)损(sun)伤，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)强(qiang)(qiang)酸作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，与金属(shu)复(fu)合(he)(he)(he)时会(hui)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)金属(shu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、渗碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)及电(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)学(xue)腐(fu)(fu)蚀现(xian)象。因(yin)此，碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前须进(jin)(jin)行(xing)表面(mian)处理 碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)别用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)丙(bing)(bing)烯腈(jing)(jing)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、沥青纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、粘胶(jiao)丝(si)(si)或(huo)(huo)酚(fen)醛纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)经碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)得(de)(de)；按(an)(an)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态分(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)长(zhang)丝(si)(si)、短(duan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)和(he)短(duan)切纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)；按(an)(an)力学(xue)性能(neng)(neng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)型(xing)(xing)和(he)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)性能(neng)(neng)型(xing)(xing) 。通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)型(xing)(xing)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)强(qiang)(qiang)度为(wei)(wei)(wei)1000兆帕(pa)（MPa）、模(mo)(mo)量(liang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)100GPa左右。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)性能(neng)(neng)型(xing)(xing)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)又分(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)强(qiang)(qiang)型(xing)(xing)（强(qiang)(qiang)度2000MPa、模(mo)(mo)量(liang)250GPa）和(he)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)（模(mo)(mo)量(liang)300GPa以上）。强(qiang)(qiang)度大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)4000MPa的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)又称(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)超(chao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)强(qiang)(qiang)型(xing)(xing)；模(mo)(mo)量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)450GPa的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)称(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)超(chao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)。随着航天(tian)和(he)航空工(gong)业的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展，还(hai)出现(xian)了高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)强(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)伸型(xing)(xing)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，其(qi)延伸率大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)2％。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)聚(ju)丙(bing)(bing)烯腈(jing)(jing)基碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。 碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)织物(wu)、毡、席、带(dai)(dai)、纸(zhi)及其(qi)他(ta)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)除用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作绝热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)保温材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)外，一(yi)般不(bu)(bu)单(dan)独使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，多(duo)(duo)作为(wei)(wei)(wei)增(zeng)(zeng)强(qiang)(qiang)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)加(jia)入(ru)到树脂、金属(shu)、陶瓷、混凝土等(deng)(deng)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)，构(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)复(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)增(zeng)(zeng)强(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)复(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作飞(fei)机结(jie)构(gou)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、电(dian)磁屏蔽(bi)除电(dian)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、人工(gong)韧带(dai)(dai)等(deng)(deng)身体代(dai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)以及用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)造火(huo)箭(jian)外壳、机动船、工(gong)业机器人、汽车(che)板簧和(he)驱(qu)动轴等(deng)(deng)。碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei) 由(you)(you)聚(ju)丙(bing)(bing)烯腈(jing)(jing)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、沥青纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)或(huo)(huo)粘胶(jiao)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)等(deng)(deng)经氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、炭化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)过程制(zhi)得(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)量(liang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)90%以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。 碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)前在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)替代(dai)采暖材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)核心发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)体上也(ye)有(you)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)贡(gong)献(xian)，国外，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)很多(duo)(duo)节能(neng)(neng)采暖设备的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)体上已经由(you)(you)以前普遍采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金属(shu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)逐步(bu)升级到碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)采暖方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)应用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)主要考虑(lv)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)腐(fu)(fu)蚀，抗(kang)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)（金属(shu)容易(yi)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)局(ju)部击穿），高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)稳定性，寿命更(geng)长(zhang)（很多(duo)(duo)产(chan)品(pin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)300摄氏度下(xia)普遍能(neng)(neng)够(gou)达(da)到稳定工(gong)作100000小时的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)时间(jian)），热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)转换率高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)（97％以上）等(deng)(deng)特点(dian)。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)我国在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)研发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)方面(mian)相对还(hai)处在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)落(luo)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)境(jing)况，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)质(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)还(hai)是(shi)(shi)依靠日韩(han)进(jin)(jin)口，所(suo)以价(jia)格居高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)不(bu)(bu)下(xia)，但(dan)随着国内合(he)(he)(he)资(zi)、合(he)(he)(he)作形式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出现(xian)，以碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)核心技术的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)产(chan)品(pin)却已经走(zou)入(ru)了寻常消费者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家中(zhong)。
碳(tan)纤(xian)维产(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)在(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)暖方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)应用(yong)分了不少形式，比(bi)如短纤(xian)，短切(qie)纤(xian)维通(tong)常用(yong)在(zai)(zai)如“碳(tan)晶”“地暖膜”等采(cai)(cai)暖产(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)上，石墨类(lei)产(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)在(zai)(zai)早(zao)起的(de)采(cai)(cai)暖膜中(zhong)应用(yong)比(bi)较(jiao)广泛(fan)，膜类(lei)产(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)除了在(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)暖上有所应用(yong)，在(zai)(zai)热水器，工业设备恒温(wen)环境保障方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)应用(yong)也是(shi)十分广泛(fan)。
