碳(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)（carbon fiber，简(jian)称CF），是一种(zhong)含碳(tan)量(liang)在95%以(yi)上的(de)高强(qiang)度(du)(du)、高模(mo)(mo)量(liang)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)新型纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)材(cai)料(liao)。它是由片状(zhuang)石(shi)墨(mo)微(wei)晶(jing)等有(you)(you)机纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)沿纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)轴向(xiang)方向(xiang)堆砌而成，经碳(tan)化(hua)及石(shi)墨(mo)化(hua)处理(li)而得到的(de)微(wei)晶(jing)石(shi)墨(mo)材(cai)料(liao)。碳(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)“外(wai)柔内刚”，质量(liang)比(bi)金属(shu)铝轻，但强(qiang)度(du)(du)却(que)高于钢铁，并且具有(you)(you)耐(nai)(nai)腐蚀、高模(mo)(mo)量(liang)的(de)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)，在国防军(jun)工(gong)和民用方面都(dou)是重要材(cai)料(liao)。它不(bu)仅具有(you)(you)碳(tan)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)固有(you)(you)本征特性(xing)(xing)(xing)，又(you)兼备纺(fang)织纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)柔软(ruan)可加工(gong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，是新一代(dai)增强(qiang)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)。 碳(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)具有(you)(you)许多优良性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)，碳(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)轴向(xiang)强(qiang)度(du)(du)和模(mo)(mo)量(liang)高，密度(du)(du)低、比(bi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)高，无蠕变，非氧(yang)化(hua)环(huan)境(jing)下耐(nai)(nai)超高温，耐(nai)(nai)疲劳性(xing)(xing)(xing)好，比(bi)热及导电性(xing)(xing)(xing)介于非金属(shu)和金属(shu)之间，热膨胀系数小且具有(you)(you)各(ge)向(xiang)异性(xing)(xing)(xing)，耐(nai)(nai)腐蚀性(xing)(xing)(xing)好，X射线透过性(xing)(xing)(xing)好。良好的(de)导电导热性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)、电磁屏蔽性(xing)(xing)(xing)好等。碳(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)与传统的(de)玻璃纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)相(xiang)比(bi)，杨氏模(mo)(mo)量(liang)是其(qi)(qi)3倍多；它与凯(kai)夫拉纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)相(xiang)比(bi)，杨氏模(mo)(mo)量(liang)是其(qi)(qi)2倍左右，在有(you)(you)机溶(rong)剂、酸、碱中不(bu)溶(rong)不(bu)胀，耐(nai)(nai)蚀性(xing)(xing)(xing)突出。
