碳纤维杆--碳纤维的基本概述

 ;  碳(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)（carbon fiber，简称CF），是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)种含(han)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)量在(zai)95%以(yi)上的高(gao)强(qiang)度(du)、高(gao)模(mo)(mo)量纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)的新(xin)型(xing)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)材料。它(ta)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由片状(zhuang)石(shi)墨微晶等(deng)有机纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)沿(yan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)轴向方(fang)向堆(dui)砌而成，经碳(tan)(tan)(tan)化及石(shi)墨化处理而得到(dao)的微晶石(shi)墨材料。碳(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)“外(wai)柔内(nei)刚”，质量比金属(shu)铝(lv)轻，但强(qiang)度(du)却高(gao)于(yu)钢铁，并(bing)且具(ju)有耐腐蚀、高(gao)模(mo)(mo)量的特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，在(zai)国(guo)防军工和(he)民用(yong)方(fang)面都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)重要材料。它(ta)不仅(jin)具(ju)有碳(tan)(tan)(tan)材料的固(gu)有本征特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，又兼备纺织纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)的柔软可加工性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)一(yi)代增强(qiang)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)。[1-4]  碳(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)具(ju)有许多优良性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能，碳(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)的轴向强(qiang)度(du)和(he)模(mo)(mo)量高(gao)，密度(du)低(di)、比性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能高(gao)，无蠕变，非(fei)氧化环境下耐超高(gao)温，耐疲劳(lao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)，比热及导电(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)介于(yu)非(fei)金属(shu)和(he)金属(shu)之(zhi)间，热膨(peng)胀系数小且具(ju)有各向异性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，耐腐蚀性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)，X射线(xian)透(tou)过性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)。良好(hao)的导电(dian)(dian)导热性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能、电(dian)(dian)磁(ci)屏蔽性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)等(deng)。碳(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)与传统的玻璃纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)相(xiang)比，杨氏模(mo)(mo)量是(shi)(shi)(shi)其3倍(bei)多；它(ta)与凯夫(fu)拉纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)相(xiang)比，杨氏模(mo)(mo)量是(shi)(shi)(shi)其2倍(bei)左右，在(zai)有机溶剂、酸、碱中不溶不胀，耐蚀性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)突出。