碳纤维杆--碳纤维的特点及应用

        碳(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)轴(zhou)向强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)和(he)(he)模(mo)(mo)(mo)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，无蠕变，耐疲劳性(xing)好(hao)(hao)，比(bi)热及(ji)(ji)导电性(xing)介于非金(jin)属(shu)和(he)(he)金(jin)属(shu)之间，热膨(peng)胀(zhang)系数(shu)小，耐腐蚀性(xing)好(hao)(hao)，纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)密(mi)度(du)低，X射线(xian)透过性(xing)好(hao)(hao)。但(dan)其耐冲击性(xing)较(jiao)差，容易损伤，在强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)酸作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)下发生(sheng)氧化(hua)，与金(jin)属(shu)复(fu)合(he)(he)时(shi)会发生(sheng)金(jin)属(shu)碳(tan)(tan)化(hua)、渗碳(tan)(tan)及(ji)(ji)电化(hua)学腐蚀现(xian)象。因此，碳(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)在使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前(qian)须进行表面处理。碳(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)可分(fen)别用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚丙(bing)烯(xi)腈纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)、沥(li)青纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)、粘胶丝(si)或酚醛纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)经碳(tan)(tan)化(hua)制(zhi)得；按状态分(fen)为(wei)长(zhang)丝(si)、短纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)和(he)(he)短切(qie)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)；按力学性(xing)能分(fen)为(wei)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)高(gao)(gao)(gao)性(xing)能型(xing)(xing)(xing) 。通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)碳(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)为(wei)1000兆帕（MPa）、模(mo)(mo)(mo)量(liang)(liang)为(wei)100GPa左右。高(gao)(gao)(gao)性(xing)能型(xing)(xing)(xing)碳(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)又分(fen)为(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)（强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)2000MPa、模(mo)(mo)(mo)量(liang)(liang)250GPa）和(he)(he)高(gao)(gao)(gao)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)（模(mo)(mo)(mo)量(liang)(liang)300GPa以上）。强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)大(da)于4000MPa的(de)又称为(wei)超(chao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)；模(mo)(mo)(mo)量(liang)(liang)大(da)于450GPa的(de)称为(wei)超(chao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。随(sui)着航(hang)天(tian)和(he)(he)航(hang)空(kong)工(gong)业的(de)发展(zhan)，还出现(xian)了高(gao)(gao)(gao)强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)伸型(xing)(xing)(xing)碳(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)，其延伸率大(da)于2%。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)最大(da)的(de)是(shi)聚丙(bing)烯(xi)腈PAN基碳(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)。碳(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)可加(jia)工(gong)成织物、毡、席(xi)、带(dai)、纸及(ji)(ji)其他(ta)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)。碳(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)除用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)绝(jue)热保温材(cai)(cai)料(liao)外，一般不(bu)单独使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，多作(zuo)为(wei)增(zeng)强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)加(jia)入(ru)到(dao)树脂、金(jin)属(shu)、陶瓷(ci)、混凝(ning)土等(deng)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)中(zhong)，构成复(fu)合(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)。碳(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)增(zeng)强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)复(fu)合(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)飞机结构材(cai)(cai)料(liao)、电磁屏蔽(bi)除电材(cai)(cai)料(liao)、人工(gong)韧带(dai)等(deng)身体(ti)代用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)以及(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于制(zhi)造火(huo)箭外壳、机动(dong)船、工(gong)业机器人、汽车板簧和(he)(he)驱动(dong)轴(zhou)等(deng)。