碳纤维管--碳纤维的特性介绍

碳(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)（carbon fiber，简(jian)称CF），是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)种含碳(tan)(tan)(tan)量在95%以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)强度(du)、高(gao)模量纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)。它(ta)(ta)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由片状石(shi)墨微晶等(deng)有(you)机(ji)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)沿纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)轴向方(fang)向堆砌而成，经碳(tan)(tan)(tan)化(hua)及(ji)石(shi)墨化(hua)处理而得到的(de)(de)(de)微晶石(shi)墨材(cai)料(liao)(liao)。碳(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)“外柔(rou)内(nei)刚”，质量比(bi)金(jin)属铝轻(qing)，但强度(du)却高(gao)于钢铁(tie)，并且具(ju)有(you)耐(nai)(nai)腐蚀(shi)、高(gao)模量的(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)，在国防(fang)军(jun)工和民用方(fang)面都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)重要材(cai)料(liao)(liao)。它(ta)(ta)不仅具(ju)有(you)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)固(gu)有(you)本(ben)征特性(xing)(xing)(xing)，又(you)兼备纺织纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)柔(rou)软可加工性(xing)(xing)(xing)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)一(yi)代(dai)增强纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)。[1-4]  碳(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)具(ju)有(you)许多优良(liang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)，碳(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)轴向强度(du)和模量高(gao)，密度(du)低(di)、比(bi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)高(gao)，无蠕变(bian)，非氧化(hua)环境下(xia)耐(nai)(nai)超(chao)高(gao)温(wen)，耐(nai)(nai)疲(pi)劳(lao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)，比(bi)热(re)及(ji)导电(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)介于非金(jin)属和金(jin)属之间(jian)，热(re)膨胀(zhang)系数小且具(ju)有(you)各向异性(xing)(xing)(xing)，耐(nai)(nai)腐蚀(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)，X射线透过(guo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)。良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)导电(dian)导热(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)、电(dian)磁屏蔽(bi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)等(deng)。碳(tan)(tan)(tan)纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)与(yu)传(chuan)统的(de)(de)(de)玻璃纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)相比(bi)，杨(yang)氏模量是(shi)(shi)(shi)其3倍多；它(ta)(ta)与(yu)凯夫拉纤(xian)(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)相比(bi)，杨(yang)氏模量是(shi)(shi)(shi)其2倍左右，在有(you)机(ji)溶剂、酸(suan)、碱中不溶不胀(zhang)，耐(nai)(nai)蚀(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)突出。